Using economic principles, analyse the law of obligation (Negligence) Essay

Using economic principles, analyse the law of obligation (Negligence) - Essay Example Economic analysis of law uses microeconomic hypotheses to examine rules of negligence and obligation. Economic analysis of law brought at the centre of academic discourse by Richard Posner in 1973 in The Economic Analysis of Law. His work paved the way for precise legal debates on the economic analysis of the law and laid strong foundations for subsequent literature on the economic analysis of the law of negligence. There have been several writers on the economic analysis of the law, some with same viewpoints and same with variations on how law should be affected by economics1. For example, Friedman calls for an economic analysis of law for the simple reason that there should be some strong connection liking effectiveness and justice. He believes that effectiveness stands at the centre of what economics provide today and for this reason, it is better if economic ideas can shape the law. Friedman further asserts that economics is a deep-seated issue is the connotation of reasonable ch oice, and therefore, an indispensable tool for sculpting the outcomes of legal rules. Wolfgang on his part states that economic analysis of the law means that there should always be awareness on the issue of why, along with how human interactions can be guided effectively by the law. He believes economic tools can be used to guide human actions, with particular attention to obligations owed towards others. 3. One yet school of thought is that posited by Mitchell and Shavell who believe that there should and for all times, be a good probability for the imposition of sanctions on negligent behaviour. Economic analysis will therefore guide the magnitude and form of these sanctions so that eventual liability would cause deterrence on the part of the torfeasor.4 Much debate about economic analysis of law has been also been propounded by Ronald Coase (1961)5, Guido Calabresi (1961)6, Commons [1924]7, Hale [1952]8 as well as Richard Posner [1973]9 with controversial ideas in his assertion that rules of common law are efficient and that rules of law must be efficient. He explains â€Å"efficient† to mean compliance to pay. In trying to have comprehensive understanding of these, Kornhauser (1984, 1985)10 brings two assertions: efficient rules are selected for legal processes and people are motivated to fear the law because of its economic consequences. These assertions however, do not match up unswervingly to conventional questions in the philosophy of law because normativity and the requirement to comply with the law are not openly looked at. Economic analysis of law will use a policy perspective to make this evaluation and this angle of reasoning often absolutely adopt some alternative of legal positivism. Analyzing the behavioral effects of the law, it is posited that the law is clearly known only by judges rather than the subjects of the law. Of course, there is strong reason for wanting to believe that the present American tort law supports the basis for th e economic analysis of the law. This particularly relates to the section of economically analyzing the law often called wealth maximization stating that there must be equality of positions between the plaintiff and defendant. This is very true if the plaintiff is thinking of productively benefiting from the negligence of breach of obligations on the part of the defendant. Amartya says: â€Å"The need for incentives may be rightly seen as including an element of blackmail. It would typically include the claims to higher reward for the better endowed and the more productive, who can decide to do less of those of their activities that benefit others, unless they receive more ‘compensation’. If this connection does actually work this way, then an uncompromising pursuit of equality may be self-defeating. Blackmail or not, the incentive connections must be taken into account by someone trying to promote equality†.11 In the late 19th century, economic analysis

Strategic Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Human Resource Development - Essay Example However, there are areas of significant importance - like training - that have been excluded from the control of Personnel Department and are organized into separate units within the organization. Due to the above phenomenon as well as to the delays in the firm's development - which have been caused by the dysfunction of the Personnel Department - the examination and the evaluation of the role of the latter has been considered as necessary especially given the extremely competitive conditions that characterize the UK market. Current Personnel Function of Highway Stores Ltd is based in the firm's head office in Midlands. Furthermore, the specific department comprises a Personnel Manager, a Personnel Officer and 3 Personnel Administrators. The main duties of the staff include the control of all issues related with the firm's human resource management except the payroll sector which has been incorporated in the Finance Department. The Personnel Function reports directly to the Legal Director. Another significant problem is created by the fact that there is not a specific provision for the training of the head offices' personnel (training programs as designed and developed by the Training function involves only the employees of the store network). On the other han On the other hand, the Personnel function has not proceeded to the design and implementation of a specific problem-solving procedure but there is a standard internal policy that whenever a problem arises, a guidance is issued. The absence of control over the training procedure as well as the failure of designing and applying an effective personnel policy can be considered as major problems for the Personnel function. Moreover, the lack of appropriate qualifications of the Personnel staff can be viewed as a severe disadvantage of the specific department while due to this fact; most of the problems arising in the human resources field have to be faced by the only qualified person of the department, its Manager. It's for this reason that Personnel Manager is not available for his managers whenever his intervention is requested by the Personnel staff. At a next level, a major weakness of the Personnel function is the procedure related with the sickness of employees. The Personnel function keeps records on employees including health certificates as well as notices on the employees' long term absence of work (six weeks or more) due to sickness. In this way, the department is not informed for the employees' short or long term absence of the work (except the above mentioned case) with all the consequences that this fact can have for the effectiveness of the firm's human resource management. Another problem involves the extension of the role of the Personnel function is the recruitment process. The specific process is designed and implemented by the Managing Director, while the responsibility for the recruitment of new staff belongs to Area managers. It should also be noticed here that

Cross Functional Enterprise System

Cross Functional Enterprise System SWOT Analysis is a tool used to identify the internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats environment of Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Table 1 below shows the strengths and weaknesses within the company, and the opportunities and threats faced by Aalsmeer Flower Auction. 1.2 Information Requirements The board of Aalsmeer Flower Auction requires an information system that could help to support its e-business activities. It is important for the company to view information systems as a set of technologies that will support efficient business operations, work groups and enterprise collaboration in order to success (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.44). Hence, the company needs to know the information requirement in order to set up an electronic auction market. Hardware and software are the main information requirement. It is use to perform input, processing and output activities of the business. Once the hardware and software are installed, the company needs to consider whether the end users familiar with the system and understand how to use the system. Beside that, the company has to ensure that users security when using the system. For instant, when buyers make their online payment, they make sure that their credit cards are safe and cannot be hack. Furthermore, maintenance of the system is important information that the company needs to know in order to keep the system operational. (Scribd, 2011) 2.0 The New System and Objectives 2.1 Cross-Functional Enterprise System An enterprise system is essential to an organization to ensure information can be shared across all business function (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.220). Aalsmeer Flower Auction may develop an integrated cross-functional enterprise system that cross the boundaries of the traditional business and organization functions (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). The purpose of this system is to reengineer and improve vital business processes all across the enterprise (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). Besides that, cross-function enterprise system is view as a strategic way to share information resources and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of business processes, and develop strategic relationships with customers, suppliers, and business partners (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). This system are integrated by enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain management (SCM), and customer relationship management (CRM). The company will be also using the World Wide Web and their intranets and extranets as a technology platform for their cross-functional and interenterprise information system (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.250). With this system, it enables the company to fulfill its objectives. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is an integrated computer-based system designed to integrate and automate many internal business processes and information flows within the company such as integrated logistics, production planning, accounting and finance, sales distribution and human resource function of the company (ERPChronicle.com, 2011). The key objective of an ERP system is to integrate information and view real-time of its core business process from all functional divisions of the company in a single database (TopBits.com, 2011). All information is flow from one system to another automatically with no repetition of entry and thus suppliers, customers and other business partners can access to current and consistent data (Accurate, 2005). With this system, the company can reduce the transaction costs. Running more efficient and effective operation like production management, supply chain and customer relationship management into one streamlined process where everything can be accessed through one enterprise wide information network, and enhance management decision making (ERPChronicle.com, 2011). After implementing ERP system, the company can transform the way they conduct their business and thus achieving the initial objective of the e-business activities. Supply Chain Management (SCM) The implementing of supply chain management (SCM) system is to create a demand driven organization by connecting an extending value chain, streamline traditional supply chain process and eliminating non value added activities (CiteMan Network, 2008-2011). Increasingly, SCM is accomplished using the internet and electronic marketplace to reengineer and streamline traditional supply chain processes (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.26). The objective of SCM system is create customer value leading to increase organization profitability, shareholder value, and sustained competitive advantage in the long run (MBA Knowledge Base, 2011). Besides that, SCM is to help the company achieve agility and responsiveness in meeting the demands of its customers and needs of its suppliers using a fast, efficient, and low-cost of network business relationships or supply chain (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.315). In the long run, the initial objectives of the e-business activities to redefine the value chain to reduce transaction costs accomplished. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) To help the company to deliver an excellent customer serving processes in sales, marketing and product service, customer relationship management (CRM) system is recommended (OBrien, 2002, p. 130). The main objective of this system is to build and maintain valuable relationships with the customers, to increase profits and become more competitive (Exforsys, 2000-2011). CRM system will capture key customer data and enable the company to use that data effectively at each stage of the customer relationship (Customer Connect, 2006-2009). In the sales process, CRM tracks customer contacts for cross-selling and up-selling (OBrien, 2002, p. 130) as well as translate the salespeoples skills into institutional knowledge (Customer Connect, 2006-2009). Besides that, CMR helps the company to plan and execute the marketing effort efficiently (Customer Connect, 2006-2009). Furthermore, CRM helps customer service managers quickly create, assign and manage service requests (OBrien, 2002, p. 130). In short, CRM system helps to manage the business effectively, reduce costs and support a total customer care. 2.2 Information Strategies To obtain major advantages over the competitive forces it faces in the global marketplace, strategic information systems are required and the use of internet technologies are essential to gain competitive advantage. 2.2.1 Cost Leadership Strategy Cost leadership strategy concerned with delivering the lowest possible products and services. The company can help the suppliers and customer to reduce their costs such as transaction process, warehousing and shipping costs by implementing online auction and online ordering. Internet is the primary information technology infrastructure that supports e-business applications (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p12). Aalsmeer Flower Auction can use an electronic auction website as information strategy to connect buyers and sellers from all over the globe. Trading on the internet allows the company to reach a larger number of potential customers and suppliers in a shorter time and reaching customers for a low cost per transactions (Kumar and Feldman, n.d). Web auction is easy to use. It allows million of buyers to participate in the live auction which occurs around the world at the same time via online without attending in the auction hall. Buyers will feel convenience and it is the fastest way to make their bid. There is also an auto bid buying method, where it benefits for buyers who have no time to participate in the live auction (FlowerBuyer.com, 1995-2011). The company can implement an online ordering which change its traditional way of selling. Online ordering allows customers to place their order through website. With this service, customers are able to make their order anytime because the website provides 24 hours. Besides that, internet enables Aalsmeer Flower Auction to showcase all the products and provide up-to-date information to customers. In short, online auction and online ordering can substantially lower costs, reduce lead times, and improve the quality of services provided. 2.2.2 Differentiation Strategy The company is said to have competitive advantage when it delivers different products or services from its competitors. Aalsmeer Flower Auction could provide an online customer design, where customers are allowed to have more option and opportunities to customize based on their own preference. Buyers can buy the bunch which allows them to order in smaller quantities. There are some advantages of buying in smaller quantities. First, retailers can access to a wide variety of fresh products all the time. Second, retailers can buy frequently and require several varieties in small volumes. At the same time, they have flexibility to mix and match any products they like, and choose the colour they wish to have. (FlowerBuyer.com, 1995-2011) Besides that, buyers can also select the time schedule when they want to make their delivery. These have satisfied customer tastes which they wish for fresher products, more varieties, smaller quantities and multiple deliveries each week. In addition, online transaction processing system plays a strategic role in electronic commerce. The company can use internet that tie them electronically to their customers and suppliers for online transactions processing (OLTP). In online processing, data are processed immediately after a transaction occurs, which will help to provide superior service to customers and other trading partners. (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.256) With this system, company goals can be reached. Reducing transaction costs, running more efficient and effective operation, add value to their products, and give them an importance way to differentiate themselves from the competitors. 3.0 System Development Methodology A system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system (Centers for Medicare Medicaid services, 2005). 3.1 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) One method of using system approach to develop information system solution is system development life cycle (SDLC). The waterfall model is one of the methodologies that the company can practice. Diagram 2: The waterfall model Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Maintenance Source: Startvbdotnet, 2004-2010 3.1.1 System Investigation The systems investigation stage requires the development of feasibility study, which assesses technical, economic, legal, operation and schedule feasibility (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.449). Feasibility study is used to test the proposed system, meeting users requirements, and effective use of resources and cost effectiveness (Scribd, 2011). Technical feasibility concerned with whether the hardware, software and other system components can be required or developed to solve the problem. Economic feasibility is the most important study that determines the cost and benefits of the proposed system makes financial sense. If benefits are found to be more than costs, then the analyst decides to continue the development of the proposed system otherwise considers it economically not feasible. (MBA Knowledge Base, 2011) Legal feasibility determines whether laws or regulations can prevent or limit a systems development project. Legal feasibility involves an analysis of existing and future law to determine the likelihood of legal action against the systems development project and possible consequences (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.351). During operational feasibility study, it is determined whether the system will operate in the way that user wants. It depends upon human resources whether the qualified and experienced manpower is available for the development and implementation of the system. Furthermore, schedule feasibility determines whether the project can be completed within the time frame. If it takes too much time it is likely to be rejected. (MBA Knowledge Base, 2011) 3.1.2 System Analysis Diagram 3: The problems solving steps Define and understand the problem Develop alternative solutions Choose the best solution Implement the solution System analysis Source: Laudon and Laudon, 2009, p.372 Define and understand the problem One of the problems faced by Aalsmeer Flower Auction is that they are still using the traditional way which is floricultural value chain to sell flowers and plants to customers. The company has to stay competitive align with the emergence of alternative, electronically driven flower markets. Besides that, the company has to collect and arranges all the flowers and plans, and gathers all suppliers and buyers in the auction hall before auction can take place. This method of doing business is very costly and time consuming. Furthermore, retailers request for fresher products, more varieties, smaller quantities and multiple deliveries each week in order to satisfy the changing of customers tastes, thus the demand have more influence on supply. The company must react to these changes to support its business processes and to connect with suppliers and customers, hence changing from traditional way to an electronic way to trade flowers and plants. Develop alternative solutions After determining the problems, the next step is to develop alternative solutions. The alternative solutions put forward to solve the problems is to streamline the existing processes that rely on manual procedures, custom-build a software using Microsoft Access or implement an online transaction processing system. Choose the best solution to be implemented The company then must choose the best solution. If the company would like to choose the first solution, however, if given a large numbers of flowers and plants orders, as well as relationship with manufacturers and shippers, redesigning and streamlining a manual ordering and delivery process would not have provided many benefits. If the company would like to choose the second solution, the disadvantage is time consuming, expensive in terms of the programming costs plus the purchase of hardware, software and networking equipment to run the system and link it to the Internet. Although it is very costly, but it is useful using the Microsoft Access because it can provides a fast and accurate data when the numbers of orders are taken. If the company chooses the third solution which is using the online transaction processing system that provides templates and tools for creating simple database system in very short time, provides the hardware for running the application and website and can be accessed by many different users over the web. After determining the advantages and disadvantages each of the alternative solutions, the third alternative solution is the most feasible and best solution that the company can applied. 3.1.3 System Design The purpose of system design is to create a technical solution that satisfies the functional requirements for the system (NYS project management guidebook, n.d.). A data flow diagram (DFD) is being used to show the flow of data through an information system (iReference, 2008-2011). It consists of four components, they are processes, data stores, external entities, and data flows. Diagram 4 below illustrates the data flow diagram of an online ordering system that the company can applied. In process 1.0, customer detail and information are collected and store as member file. After verifying members information, process 2.0 will verify the order items that customers have selected. It then stores the order items information into items file. Besides that, process 2.0 will also updates all the validated orders and store as daily order. Lastly, in process 3.0, the orders are ready to print out the invoice and shipping list. All the invoice and shipping list will than pass to the order processing department to print and later ship the products to customers. 3.1.4 System Implementation A few tasks need to be completed before the system is installed and ready to operate. The system implementation stage involves hardware and software acquisition, testing of programs, conversion of data resources and training. (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.464) Acquiring hardware and software To obtain the component for an information system, Aalsmeer Flower Auction needs to purchase the new system, computers and networking hardware. It also needs a computer program that governs the operation of the computer (Scribd, 2011). When acquiring the software, it needs to make sure that the application software is supported by the hardware. Testing of programs System testing may involve testing and debugging software, testing website performance, and testing new hardware (OBrien Marakas, 2008, p.472). Several forms of testing should be used, including testing each program (unit testing), testing the entire system of programs (system testing), testing the application with large amount of data (volume testing), and testing all related system together (integration testing), as well as conducting any tests required by the user (acceptance testing) (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.367). When all managers are satisfied the new system meets the standards, the transaction processing system is accepted for installation. Data conversion Data conversion involves making sure that all files and databases are ready to be used with new computer software and systems (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.366). Direct strategy is used. This strategy is the simplest conversion strategy which replaces the old system with the new system. Training The company needs to consider whether the end users are have the appropriate skill and experience to use the new business system. There will be an online practice area with step by step instruction guide for user to practice entering data into the system. 3.1.5 System Maintenance Maintenance is required after the installation of software that is performed to keep the system operational (Freetutes.com, 2007-2011). System maintenance involves checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in achieving use and organization goals (Stair Reynolds, 2008, p.367). The organizations database must be maintained so that information updated and errors can be eliminated in the system. Consequently maintenance enables users to use the system more efficient and more effective. Other enhancements include capabilities for paying for orders more rapidly, and entering the orders information without waiting for a specified starting date. 4.0 Impact and effectiveness of new system 4.1 Organization Changing new way of doing business to an e-business with the implementation of new information system, Aalsmeer Flower Auctions objective can be achieved easily. The impact included bringing new opportunities and competitive advantages, managing business changes, reducing transaction costs for long term period, increasing market share, and strengthen the link with wholesalers and retailers. The company gain competitive advantage with the developing of website to trade the products via internet compare to their competitors who do not offer this service. This new way of doing business allows the company to reach globally. Thus, increase market share of Aalsmeer Flower Auction. Besides that, the company also can strengthen the customer-supplier relationship. With e-business, the company does not need a large warehouse space to store the flowers and plants, hence, reducing transaction costs. However, the company is having a high investment because they need to purchase new system. The organization is also facing a high risk due to the first time setting up the new system and afraid that the system does not function well. 4.2 Management With electronic system of doing work, information can flow easily, directly and rapidly from buyer to seller because electronic connection and communications are already establish (Scribd, 2011). The management has the effectiveness of using the computerized to reduce the paper workload as well. All reports, payments, and invoices can be printed out easily from the computer. The documents also can be done in a systematic way and organized the workloads effectively. The reports also can be generated and updated automatically by the system in every week. Following this, the effectiveness of using the computerized is to help the management to generate planning with a fastest way. The management first needs to forecast the customers demand and forecast orders. After forecasting, they must plan how many quantities of flowers and plants to order from the suppliers in order to get enough quantities. As a result, all the information from the computer comes out with the easiest and accurate data. 4.3 Employees Employees in Aalsmeer Flower Auction now have to adopt the new way of doing business by using internet technology. However, this is the first time of trading in Flower Auction so it is possibility that employees do not have the required knowledge about e-business. E-business required skilled people and have knowledge about information system so that the organization can operate successfully without failure. Therefore, employee training and development program is necessary. (Scribd, 2011) 5.0 Conclusion Although the company will face a high risk due to the first time setting up new system, suppliers, customers and employees will benefit from the new information system. With the use of information technology and new system the company manages to thrive with todays highly competitive and dynamic business environment. Buyers can easily make their bid and order online. Suppliers no longer need to transport their flowers and plants to the auction hall as the pictures of the flowers and plants will be display in the internet. And lastly, Aalsmeer Flower Auction still plays their role as market mediator. (Scribd, 2011)

Michael Collins :: essays research papers

â€Å"Michael Collins the Man Who Made Ireland†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Michael Collins the Man Who Made Ireland† is a biography written by Tim Pat Coogan. Tim Pat Coogan is a famous author who was asked to write the biography by his former teacher Fr Michael O’Carroll. During the author’s childhood he was not told anything about Michael Collins. He learned it was a name that either people admired or hated. The reason for this was that some people think of Michael Collins as the man who gained Ireland’s independence, while others did not like it when he signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December, 1921, allowing the British to keep Northern Ireland and were against him for betraying Northern Ireland. When Coogan began his research he discovered that Collins was the founder of modern guerrilla warfare. Also, rulers, such a Mao Tse Tsung of China, had studied Collins tactics. Collins started out with just a small force of eleven men but managed, with all odds against him, to make one of the most powerful empires agree to Ire land’s independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is all history and is very accurate in its telling of Michael Collins life. The book is so precise and it mentions so many people’s names it almost hard to keep track of who they are. This book has helped people learn more about the fight for the independence of Ireland and about a national hero who should never be forgotten. In my opinion this book was great and I learned many interesting facts. I would only recommend this book to people who are interested in learning about the fight for Irish Independence and Michael Collins. The reason is because the author at times gives too much detail that is not essential to the story and that makes the book a little boring. The most memorable part of the book is the way that Collins fought the British with so few men and supplies. Most of the men only had revolvers and pistols. His squads had eleven men or fewer yet they went up against much larger numbers of troops that were heavily armed. I was amazed wi th the intelligence network Michael Collins set up to spy on the British. He used the information from his network to plan where and whom his assignation squads would hit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The difference between De Valera and Michael Collins was very interesting to me because of the way it played out.

Informative Speech Outline Essay

* Introduction Attention getter * Are you proud to be a Malaysian? Well, I’m proud to be a Malaysian but what happened recently make me thinking? Our country, Malaysia has become a very popular and favourite spot for dumping, not the usual garbage dumping but it is – the baby dumping. Baby dumping means the act of throwing away the babies at any place without taken care the babies. Based on Bukit Aman Police Headquarters statistics, it was found a total of 580 babies were found dumped between years 2000-2006. This number of cases increase every year where as much as 65 baby dumping cases has increased to 83 cases in the year 2006. In the first five months, almost every day there are reports on dumped baby cases. Year 2010 also known as Year of Baby Dumping cases and this has brought a lots of question and issues. Surely, all of us have heard about fruit season and others, but do you ever heard of baby dumping season? New Year celebration and Valentine’s Day are known as mating season nowadays which leads to unwanted pregnancies among youth and obviously, leads to baby dumping cases which can be easily read in the mass media. Reason to listen * The news nowadays are so horrifying such as ‘’Body of Baby Found in Dustbin’’, ‘’Dogs Found Baby in Trash Bag’’ and many others. The case of baby dumping has been more serious from time to time in Malaysia. Thesis statement * Baby dumping especially among youth is a serious social crisis and has a chronic increase in Malaysia. Credibility statement * The baby dumping case has touched my heart upon seeing the pictures of the baby being dumped in a very unethical and inhuman way. * I have read and studied about baby dumping in Malaysia, and have done research on the Internet. Preview of main point * First I will discuss about the cause of baby dumping * Second, I will discuss about the effect of baby dumping * And lastly, I will discuss about the possible prevention of baby dumping cases I. There are several causes that may lead to baby dumping cases that have been identified from various studies Extreme celebration of certain events * The occasions were celebrated in a very extreme manner and indirectly encourage to free sex which resulted in baby dumping cases. * Those extreme celebration is originated from the west which ‘’did not sit well’’ with our culture in Malaysia. Sexual abuse * They are usually dumping their babies due to the feeling of being betrayed by the baby’s father and also the feeling of being used. * If the woman is being sexually abuse, they are tending to disposed before or after the child’s birth. Loosening of social problem * Due to high phase of modernisation and development, social control system has become loosening up. * Neighbourliness, which should become an agent of social control system to curtail the social ills has become waning. * Schools are also not being sensitive to the students as they are engrossed to the academic and examination result. * Parents did not well-supervise their child as they tend to believe that their children are good and due to time constraints as many parents are working. * Lack of sex education and pornography also leads to the baby dumping cases. Transition: Now that I’ve discussed the causes of baby dumping, I will now discuss the effect of baby dumping case. Baby dumping will directly affect three parties that are the mothers, baby and the society itself Effect to the mother * The mother’s may have the risk of death due to the bleeding during the child’s birth. * They will be expelled from schools or educational institutions * Will be charged for attempting murder if the baby were still alive and charge for murder penalty if the baby is dead. * Feeling pressure from family, friends and the surrounding and most importantly is the feeling of guilty. Effect to the baby * The baby unable to grow up in a proper way, feel unloved and alone. * They also may have the possibilities of having birth defect and low body immunity. Effect to the society * It will bring bad image to the society Transition: now that we had known the cause of baby dumping, let’s move on to the next main point that is the prevention of baby dumping cases. Responsibilities of preventing baby dumping cases lies on the shoulder of everyone Individual * By being close to the religion, it can prevent the youth from get stuck on social ills such as free sex that leads to baby dumping. * Take a maximum care and control yourself. Parents, society and schools * Parents and the schools need to play important roles to teach their child to become good in behaviour. * They need to educate their child, not frightening them so that if they are having problems and difficulties, they are not hiding it from the parents. * Teaching them to stay out from sexual relationships * Conclusion A. Review of main points * Today I have discussed about: i. The cause of baby dumping ii. The effect of baby dumping iii. The possible solution for baby dumping cases B. Restate thesis * Baby dumping especially among youth is a serious social crisis and has a chronic increase in Malaysia. Closure * As the conclusion, baby dumping cases will not end without any solution or intervention from all as we do not want any more babies to die. * It is true that baby dumping case is the prevention of baby dumping lies in the shoulder of the parents, school and society to tackle it, however, it stills boil down to individual responsibility. The youths need to take full control and take a maximum care towards their self. * Everyone has the chance to change their self. As quoted by Zig Ziglar; ‘’If you don’t like who you are and where you are, don’t worry about it because you’re not stuck either with who you are or where you are. You can grow. You can change .You can be more than you are.’’

Florence kelleys speech on child labor Essay

In Florence Kelley’s speech to the National American Woman Suffrage Association, she connects with her audience and encourages them to fight for the end of child labor by showing how horrifying it truly it is. Through bringing up the horrors of child labor, she implies that women need the right to vote, as they would abolish child labor. By appealing to pathos, using imagery, and applying repetition, Kelley successfully convinces the audience to agree that child labor is wrong. Through appealing to pathos, Kelley connects with the audience’s conscience by showing how barbaric child labor and pushes her audience to desire the end of child labor. By stating that children â€Å"in age from six and seven years and eight, nine, and ten years†, work to provide for their families and themselves, Kelley strikes a chord in the listeners’ hearts and shows how this system takes advantage of young kids. This shows the monstrosity that is child labor as they are so young. As she writes that â€Å"boys and girls, after their 14th birthday, enjoy the pitiful privilege of working all night long†, Kelley shows that working all night is like forcing children into slavery. With the oxymoron â€Å"pitiful privilege†, she shows ironic it is that when a child has an important birthday, they are jokingly rewarded with longer work hours. Kelley connects with the audiences’ emotions as she shows how unjust it is to make children work as har d and as long as adults do. By describing the children as â€Å"little beasts of burden, robbed of school life that they may work for us†, Kelley makes the audience feel guilty for allowing child labor to be a common occurrence within America. By utilizing pathos, Kelley connects with her audience through proving how horrendous child labor is and calls them to action to rid America of it. Kelley also uses imagery to convince the audience that child labor is horrendous and should come to an end by vividly describing the working conditions that the child laborers go through and how young these workers truly are. She describes the children as, â€Å"just tall enough to reach the bobbins†, which brings to the audience’s mind an image of an innocent girl forced into working at such a young age. As she describes the harsh factory working conditions the children face, she points out, â€Å"the deafening noise of spindles and the looms spinning†. By using such descriptive imagery, Kelley transports the audience to the rooms where little children are suffering and working. Through placing these unforgettable images in her audience’s mind, she causes them to realize the unfairness and horror of child labor which they will never be able to forget. Another rhetorical device Kelley uses to convince her audience that child labor is a monstrosity is a repetition of certain phrases. Through repetition, Kelley pushes her words and facts into her audience’s head leaving them no room to deny the unfairness of child labor. Throughout her speech, Kelley repeatedly starts paragraphs with, â€Å"in (certain state)†. By doing this, she is able to state facts on child labor laws in certain states; showing that though there are laws on child labor, they are still extremely unreasonable and unfair. This shows the audience that child labor is very real and though they do not witness it, these kids make their items of comfort. She also repeats the phrase â€Å"while we sleep†. This repetition highlights that children work through the night, but more importantly, it implies that this occurs while everyone else is relaxing and sleeping soundly in their beds. By showing that children are forced to work extremely hard, the audience is left horrified. By utilizing repetition, Kelley successfully imprints the facts of child labor and its’ unfairness in the listener’s mind. In Kelley’s speech, she appeals to the audience’s conscience and emotions, paints vivid imagery, and uses repetition to call others to fight to end child labor as it is a horrendous occurrence.