Essay on Comparing the Heroes in The Dream of the Rood...

The Heroes in The Dream of the Rood and Beowulf In The Dream of the Rood, the poet has added elements of the idealized heroic death (as exemplified in Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon) to the crucifixion. He has also eliminated details of the story that tend to render Christ as a figure of pathos, in order to further Christs identification with the other glorious warriors Anglo-Saxon poems. When a hero meets his death, for example, he is usually surrounded by faithful retainers (as is Byrhtnoth) or at least one steadfast companion, such as Beowulfs Wiglaf. The gospel clearly states that Jesus died ignobly, in the most humiliating fashion possible, and that his disciples kept themselves from Golgotha†¦show more content†¦How can a man die honorably without treasure? The poet does not mention that Christ dies to fulfill a prophecy, one that is unavoidable and that he therefore calmly accepts. The notion of letting fate do its work doesnt seem to be on any of the other heroes agendas, either. Beowulf, for example, suspects that the dragons laying waste to his kingdom may indeed be divine punishment -- but that doesnt stop him from going to its barrow and stabbing the creature in the belly. In fact, Beowulf clearly states It is a mystery where a courageous man will meet his fated end. . . [ll. 3063-4] . Interestingly, in Maldon, the ones on the battlefield who are described as fated to die are always the Vikings, the barbarians. On page 57, a Viking warriors death is recounted thus: The fated warrior fell to earth. Whereas Byrhtnoths sisters son chose death in battle, on the same page. The delineation is clear: a hero dies in battle, by choice; others let fate roll over them. The designation fated is never applied to the valorous. A medieval hero always seeks his own death, if by his sacrifice his kinsmen will benefit. This is why Beowulf willingly enters the den of his third and final monster: Now the edge of the sword, hand and hard blade, must fight for treasure. [ll. 2508-9] Treasure means security for his people; therefore he goes, refusing all help, because it is his duty to do well by his kingdom. The Rood poet points outShow MoreRelatedThe Heroic Significance of Christ in The Dream of the Rood Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesThe Heroic Significance of Christ in The Dream of the Rood Incorporating traditional Anglo Saxon beliefs of heroism with the image of Christ on the cross allows the poet of The Dream of the Rood to effectively communicate the benefits of Christianity to pagan warriors. By comparing characteristics, duties, and treatment of heroes in Beowulf and the Battle of Maldon to the depiction of Christ in The Dream of the Rood, it becomes evident that the image of Christ is altered to mirror that ofRead MorePeriods of English Literature1515 Words   |  7 Pagesmonks also tried to infuse the Anglo-Saxons with a love for Christianity, where the heroes were Christ and his Apostles, by writing poetry such as â€Å"Cinewulf†, â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† and â€Å"Elene†. It was a monk, in fact, who wrote down the tale of â€Å"Beowulf†, the most celebrated tale of the period. â€Å"Beowulf† is a folk epic that is representative of the Old English period, in both life and character. â€Å"Beowulf† can be summarized as the tale of a brave and heroic warrior, who has superhuman strength

The History of the Boston Massacre Free Essays

I was interested in the Boston Massacre and found many testimonies and other primary resources there. However, as I read through I was intrigued by a comment in my readings about Captain Thomas Preston’s â€Å"London Letter†. In Preston’s letter to London, he intended only Londoners to read it and when the article was later published in the Boston Gazette it added annoyance to the already frustrated public in Boston. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Boston Massacre or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was now, intrigued and determined to find Captain Preston’s newspaper article. I, then, asked for help from the research and technology desk. They guided me through the library database to find a website called American Historical Newspapers. They had many articles from 1700-1850 and I was able to find the actual article, with Captain Preston’s recollection of the â€Å"unhappy affair† (Preston’s quote), posted in the Boston Gazette from June 25th 1770, as well as, the original letter to London first published, in April 28th, in the London newspaper the Essex Gazette. Originally this article was a letter sent by Captain Thomas Preston, to London intended for â€Å"His Majesty† the king. The letter was delivered to the Essex Gazette, a London newspaper, and printed in April 28th 1770. Captain Preston produced this account of what came to be known as the Boston Massacre, after being jailed and accused of ordering his men to â€Å"fire on a crowd of angry townspeople†. Two months later, (the amount of time it takes to get to America from London by ship) the Boston Gazette published Captain Preston’s article under the headline, â€Å"A Narrative of the Late Transactions at Boston. † During the trial of Captain Preston and his soldiers, copies of â€Å"A Narrative of the Late Transactions at Boston† began to circulate around Boston and surrounding areas. Captain Preston’s descriptions of the events were biased and unsympathetic to the townspeople, painting a picture of the soldiers trying to do their job and the townspeople not abiding and being â€Å"unruly† and â€Å"abusive†. Captain Preston declares that leading up to the incident the townspeople had increasingly â€Å"provoked and abused the soldiers†. Furthermore, Preston explains that an informant had warned him that there was a â€Å"mob† of angry townspeople that were planning to storm his soldier’s barracks â€Å"carry off a soldier and murder him†. Preston goes so far as to pin the guilt of giving the order to shoot by yelling â€Å"fire, fire† on members of the â€Å"unruly mob† and assures the reader that he was yelling â€Å"don’t fire†. Captain Preston never deviates from the staunch defense of his innocence and the threat to himself and his soldier’s lives throughout his entire narrative. Preston’s article being published in the Essex Gazette reveals that he is attempting to rally support for his innocence, from not only the king but all of London too. When the Boston Gazette printed the article they did not change the words of Captain Preston’s letter to London. They instead must have realized their audience, the Boston public, would receive Captain Preston’s description of the events much differently than the king or the people of London did. However, the Boston Gazette editor does put a negative introduction of the article at the top of Captain Preston’s letter to London, stating â€Å"how greatly the conduct of the town has been misrepresented. † This quote reveals the stark contrast of interpretation of the letter between the king of England and the Boston public. Both newspapers print the same article but have two completely different audiences with two completely different opinions of the need for British troops in Boston. The American Promise text, uses a more comprehensive approach when explaining the events of the Boston Massacre. The text gives more information about the transactions between the Bostonians and the soldiers leading up to the bloodshed on March 5th, 1770. For example, the soldiers are explained as â€Å"grating on the nerves of the Bostonians† by conducting drills on the town Common and â€Å"playing loud music on the Sabbath†, a day of rest and contemplation for the townspeople. Furthermore, during this time, colonists were beginning to assert their independence from England by boycotting trade with the Nonconsumption Agreements in 1768 and the Virginia Resolves in 1765. This period of time in the colonies is glutted with conflict between the uncompromising rule of the monarchy of England and the desire for representation and independence of the colonies. These two aforementioned Captain Preston’s recollection of the events were, like all peoples point of view, biased and sympathetic to oneself. The Bostonians had a contrasting interpretation of the events. And the textbook seems to collect all of these opinions and present them the best that it can. By reading Captain Preston’s primary document about the Boston Massacre, one can get a deeper understanding of what his emotional response was to the events. Reading someone’s opinion of an event draws the reader into the author’s point of view for a few moments and allows one to begin to understand what it must have felt like for the author. Primary documents have are a great way to step back in time and look at the world through someone else’s eyes. Someone who has grown up in a different place with different rules and standards. How to cite The History of the Boston Massacre, Essay examples

Debate free essay sample

This was an important factor in changing the polity and society of the Vijayanagar Empire. Different Views – Krishnaswamy Iyenger Iyengar was the first scholar to emphasise on the Hindu-Muslim conflict as being the principal cause for the rise of the Vijayanagar Empire and to claim that resistance to Islam was the great vindication of Vijayanagar. He describes it as the Great National War of the Hindus. K. A. N. Sastri – Sastri viewed the Vijayanagar state as a kind of mission of upholding the Hindu faith against Islam B. A. Saletore Saletore believed that the Vijayanagar Empire had been created by the release of ‘the latent energy of the Hindu Dharma in southern India’ by Muslim conquests and humiliation. Critique – The theory has been criticized on the grounds that ideology and religious factors could not have played such an important role in the creation and functioning of the state. The alleged ideological factor of containment of Islam must be questioned. The sponsored spouse can, in turn, sponsor her own foreign-born parents and siblings, and the siblings can, in turn, sponsor their own foreign-born spouses, and so on, generating a irtually never-ending and always-expanding migration chain. 2nd contention†¦Birthright citizenship turns efforts to employ migrant workers into policies exploding the number of US citizens. Jon Feere, B. A. from the University of California, Davis; J. D. from American University, Policy Analyst for the Center for Immigration Studies, â€Å"Birthright Citizenship in the United States: A Global Comparison† August 2010, http://www. cis. org/birthright-citizenship The issue of birthright citizenship for the children of aliens who have not been admitted for permanent residence cannot be resolved in isolation from other immigration issues. For example, politicians on both sides of the aisle regularly call for an increase in temporary workers, but the economic and social impact of children born to these workers while they are in the United States is never part of the discussion. Under any large-scale guest worker program, it is likely that tens of thousands of children would be born on U. S. soil. If the guest worker does not depart when his work visa expires, he becomes an illegal alien and is subject to deportation. But immigration authorities cannot deport the guest worker’s citizen child along with the overstaying guest worker. The result is that the guest worker makes the case for indefinite stay based on the principle of â€Å"keeping families together† — an argument that is often successful at stopping an alien’s deportation. Because of birthright citizenship, what started as a policy to bring in laborers on a temporary basis can become yet another channel for permanent immigration? This is one of the reasons why some have said that â€Å"there is often nothing more permanent than a temporary worker. † Abolishing birthright citizenship would not require a constitutional amendment. Jon Feere, B. A. rom the University of California, Davis; J. D. from American University, Policy Analyst for the Center for Immigration Studies, â€Å"Birthright Citizenship in the United States: A Global Comparison† August 2010, http://www. cis. org/birthright-citizenship Extending 14th Amendment birthright citizenship to any class of persons is a momentous matter because it confers very valu able benefits and imposes very serious obligations on children who have no say in the matter and it also has long-lasting and important effects on the size and composition of the U. S. population. The executive branch’s current practice of extending birthright citizenship to nonresident aliens has never been authorized by any statute or any court decision. The legislative record left by drafters of the 14th Amendment shows that they were primarily concerned about conferring citizenship on freed slaves. While the Supreme Court has settled the matter as it applies to permanent resident aliens, it has yet to decide the matter as it applies to aliens whose presence in the United States is temporary or unlawful. As a result, Americans are justifiably upset with a policy that has become standard practice without their approval. Because the legislative history is not decisive and there is no Supreme Court precedent, serious legal scholars and eminent jurists have argued that Congress should uses its inherent authority to define the scope of birthright citizenship. Congress can use the hearing process to promote a calm, informed, and serious discussion on the wisdom and legality of granting automatic U. S. citizenship to the children of â€Å"birth tourists,† illegal aliens, and other categories of foreign visitors who are taking advantage of a clause in the 14th Amendment that was primarily aimed at helping an entirely different class of persons.

Star wars Episode I Summary Essay Example For Students

Star wars Episode I Summary Essay Goon senses a strong presence of the Force within Nanking and is convinced that e is the chosen one of Jed prophecy who will bring balance to the Force. When Quiz-Goon brings Nanking to the Jed senate to ask for their permission for Nanking to be trained as a Jed, Nanking shows that hes brave and willing to sacrifice everything, including leaving his mom, to become jaded, The Jed council is uneasy about Nanking training to become a Jed because they believe that he can become vulnerable to the dark side of the force; which brings me to the development of Nanking in episode two. We will write a custom essay on Star wars Episode I Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In episode two we meet Nanking ten years later and from the start you can already tell that he turned into a brat. By now he has begun to realize how much power he has and his abilities begin to make him start acting arrogant. In one scene of the movie, Nanking and Padre are talking about how the senate and the republic and how Nanking thinks things should be run differently. The fact that Nanking mentions the idea of a dictatorship foreshadows the dark side of the force taking over him. Although Nanking has a lot of hero characteristics he also has his flaws. After Manikins mom dies it triggered a lot of anger in Nanking causing him to orders a whole town of people. I believe that Manikins fear of losing someone will later on be a problem in him making the mistake of doing something he wont be able to control. When an assassination attempt is made on Senator Pad © Midday, the former Queen Of Nabob, Jed apprentice Nanking Skyalike is assigned to protect her. As Nanking is left behind to protect Pad ©, his feelings for her grow into something more than friendship. From Nabob to Tattooing, it grows into love for her. But when a tragedy strikes Manikins life, he begins slipping away from the Light Side of the Force. Think Padre and Manikins relationship is important because since their love is forbidden, it can cause a lot of trouble later on in the movie. Also because Nanking lost his mother, he could become very over protective over Padre because he is scared to lose her as well, A Heros Journey is a very important theme in Star Wars. Almost all tooth main characters seem to have a journey, even the anti-heroes and villains. For heroes to begin their journeys, they must be called away trot the ordinary world. Most roes show a reluctance to leave their home, their friends, and their life to journey on a quest. But in the end they accept their destiny the ordinary world would be Nanking living on the desert world Tattooing_ Manikins journey begins with the padre. His call to adventure is when he has to use his bravery and quick thinking to beat Seeable and recognize all of his dirty tricks. He also has to leave his mother to pursue his dreams of being a Jed. Manikins assistance would be both Obi-Wan and Quiz-Don_ The departure in Manikins journey is him paving his home of Tattooing. Nanking is very uneasy and skeptical about leaving his mother but chooses to accept the call to adventure. His trials would be his task to protect now Senator Padre Midday no matter what. Manikins approach is when he encounters assassins and ends up leavings his orders to Stay by Padres side at all cost when he receives visions that his mother is in danger he travels back to Tattooing only to find out that she was killed by Tusked Raiders. His crisis is him realizing his fears of loss and slaughtering the whole village. Obi-Wan sends him a message for help on another desert world called Sessions. Nanking and Padre travel there and become immersed in the first battle of the Clone Wars. They are captured and were forced to fight in an arena before being rescued by the Jed and Clone Army. Towards the end of the battle, Nanking is horrifically maimed by Count Took during a duel. He was saved by Jed Master Wood. Nanking receives his treasure at the end when he marries Padre Midday in dire ct defiance to the Jed Code while the Clone Wars begin to flare up around the galaxy

Research Paper African Folklore Essay Example

Research Paper African Folklore Essay Example Research Paper African Folklore Essay Research Paper African Folklore Essay Children wonder about the aspects of life and one of the best methods that is used to answer their young minds is literature. Children’s literature has is a new genre that has been growing vastly over the years. Like most genres there is no single or widely used definition.In this research, knowledge of Africa’s folklore and folktale will be discussed. Africa is a rich continent that has a strong history of producing folklore is Africa. Africa is the second largest continent in the world, and is the home to millions of folklores. Like other types of literature, African folklore started by oral tradition. Oral tradition was a part of everyday life for many Africans. Storytellers help capture time and the main idea of important facts. The art of storytelling is to capture the past and to give listeners an idea of why something is. Oral traditions have been the most influential factor of African folklore. The linkage between oral tradition and the written works are necessary for being able to understand the actual literary work. Just like the oral tradition written literature is a combination of real and some false events that may be believed as real.It combines, on one hand, real facts (contemporary world) and history (realistic world of the past) and, on the other, myth and hero, with metaphor being the agent of transformation. Myths are normally an emotional feature that involves the gods and creation, with the essence of a belief system. It is often descried as the driving force of a people, that emotional force that defines people. Typically, the image perceived of African literature is a combination of myth and history. The history that was once just told orally are now recorded and are known as folklore. According to Brian Sutton-Smith, â€Å"In earlier definitions, attention was given predominantly to traditional stories, dances, proverbs, riddles, poetry, material culture, and customs, passed on orally from generation to g

Trouble with Did and Had

Trouble with Did and Had Trouble with Did and Had Trouble with Did and Had By Maeve Maddox Ive begun to notice the use of did in contexts that call for had. In an episode of CSI New York, the Sinese character remarks: If I didnt do it, he would have killed me. Hes referring to something bad he did earlier in the episode. He wasnt killed, so the act hes referring to is both contrary to fact and in the past. The statement is an example of the contrary-to-fact past conditional. Because the if clause refers to a contrary-to-fact past event, it requires the past perfect form of the verb. If I hadnt done it, he would have killed me. Heres another example of using did when had was called for: Did you bring any beer? I wish I did. The speaker has arrived at a gathering of friends. Its clear from the context that hes wishing hed thought to bring some beer. The main verb in the first sentence is bring. The second sentence conveys a regret that the speaker did not carry out an act in the past. Since the bringing of the beer remained undone in the past, the past tense of bring is called for in the second sentence: Did you bring any beer? I wish I had (brought some is understood). What do you think? Do errors like these portend a further erosion of the past perfect? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.Expanded and ExtendedMay Have vs. Might Have

Benefits of Going Green Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Benefits of Going Green - Essay Example At a global level, sustainable development has gained importance ever since the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Based on the UNFCC Article 3.4, sustainable development needs to be integrated with national development policies by considering the need for economic development to address climate change problems. In this convention, the focus has been more on reduction of greenhouse gas emission and their targets than on sustainable development. After this, much discussion has been done on the links between sustainable development and climate change and the inclusion of sustainable development concept in environmental policy. The sustainable development requirements approach to environmental policy started in developed nations first. Reports show that greenhouse gas emissions are going on rising with the ongoing economic reforms that aim at improving economic growth (Mc Kibbin, 2004). Based on economic theory, there are two main mitigation measures to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. One is a tradable permit system for emission rights and the other is taxing carbon emissions.... Studies have shown that the permit system for emission rights developing nations will result in a rise in costs in terms of sacrificing economic growth since most economic activities rely on energy here. The shift from cheap fossil fuels to expensive non-carbon energy will adversely affect economic growth and development (Prasad and Kochher, 2009). Recent estimates show that the cost for investment in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 550 MtCO2 in the major energy emitting sectors cost S$25billion, which is equivalent to the amount needed for the development goals here(Prasad and Kochher,2009). The next possible option is carbon taxing. Taxing can be practically problematic since the taxes will be imposed on not only the emissions that are removed on the margin but on all emissions. Consequently, the income transfers from the firms to government will be very much larger than the costs of greenhouse gas emission abatements (McKibbin, 2004).Thus it can be shown that any form of abat ement measure will impose significant costs in terms of sacrificing economic growth and development in developing nations. This will not be a problem for developed nations, which have already achieved a high level of development in terms of all the indicators while in developing nations, where most people live below the poverty line, sacrificing development means a lot. Based on the different scandals that arose in the recent years like Enron scandal, it is argued that business ethics is essential which plays a major role in the functioning of companies (Broomhill, 2007).Studies show the beneficial effects of green policy depend on the expectations of stakeholders and the constraints placed by the restrictive legislations produced by the states(Broomhill,